Learn tips on how to teach grammar and usage from our editors and grammar experts. 

Grammar & Usage

<p>Idioms are everywhere in English, from books and movies to conversations and texts.</p>

<p>They can be tricky to learn because these expressions don&rsquo;t literally mean what they say, so it&rsquo;s a good thing that students usually enjoy learning them!</p>

<p>Make it more interesting by teaching idioms related to a certain theme, such as <strong>Halloween</strong>.</p>

<p>Here&#39;s a list of 14 frightfully fun Halloween idioms and expressions to teach your English language learners this spooky season!</p>

<div class="white-box">
<h5>List of Halloween Idioms &amp; Expressions</h5>

<ol>
	<li><a href="#spill">Spill one&#39;s guts</a></li>
	<li><a href="#scared">Scared stiff</a></li>
	<li><a href="#death">Death trap</a></li>
	<li><a href="#haunt">Come back to haunt someone</a></li>
	<li><a href="#skeleton">Skeleton(s) in one&#39;s closet / skeleton(s) in the cupboard</a></li>
	<li><a href="#blood">Make one&#39;s blood boil</a></li>
	<li><a href="#witch">Witching hour</a></li>
	<li><a href="#ghost">Ghost town</a></li>
	<li><a href="#night">Night owl</a></li>
	<li><a href="#bag">The cat&#39;s out of the bag / let the cat out of the bag</a></li>
	<li><a href="#grave">Dig one&#39;s own grave</a></li>
	<li><a href="#cat">Scaredy-cat</a></li>
	<li><a href="#body">Over one&#39;s&nbsp;dead body</a></li>
	<li><a href="#stab">To stab someone in the back</a></li>
</ol>
</div>

<div>
<h2><a id="spill"></a><img alt="Halloween idioms: skeleton(s) in one's closet, come back to haunt someone, and witching hour." src="https://esllibrary.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/ckeditor/pictures/2790/content_Ellii_Halloween-idioms.png" /></h2>

<h2>1. Spill one&#39;s guts</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> to tell all</p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong> Okay, <em>spill your guts</em>&mdash;I want to hear whatever it is you&rsquo;ve been hiding from me.</p>

<h2><a id="scared"></a>2. Scared stiff</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> very frightened (so scared that a person can&#39;t move)</p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong> When I saw the giant spider in my shower this morning, I was <em>scared stiff</em>.&nbsp;</p>

<h2><a id="death"></a>3. Death trap</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong>&nbsp;a building or other structure that is dangerous</p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong> That old roller coaster is a <em>death trap</em>. It will collapse one day if they don&#39;t fix it.</p>

<h2><a id="haunt"></a>4. Come back to haunt someone</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> to make a mistake that will affect a person later on</p>

<p><strong>Example: </strong>I skipped school a month ago, and now it&rsquo;s <em>come back to haunt me</em><strong> </strong>because my parents just found out.</p>

<h2><a id="skeleton"></a>5. Skeleton(s) in one&#39;s closet / skeleton(s) in the cupboard</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> an embarrassing secret (or secrets)</p>

<p><strong>Example: </strong>If you decide to become a politician, be aware that reporters will look for <em>skeletons in your closet</em>.</p>

<h2><a id="blood"></a>6. Make one&#39;s blood boil</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> to cause a person to be very angry</p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong> When my boss ignores me during a meeting, it really <em>makes my blood boil</em>.</p>

<h2><a id="witch"></a>7. Witching hour</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> midnight</p>

<p><strong>Example: </strong>Last Halloween, we stayed up till the <em>witching hour </em>listening to &ldquo;Thriller,&rdquo; the famous song by Michael Jackson.</p>

<h2><a id="ghost"></a>8. Ghost town</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> an area that&rsquo;s empty and devoid of life or activity</p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong> My hometown becomes a <em>ghost town</em> after 9:00 pm every night. There&rsquo;s nothing to do!</p>

<h2><a id="night"></a>9. Night owl</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> a person who loves staying up late</p>

<p><strong>Example: </strong>My brother is an early bird who likes to study in the morning, but I&rsquo;m a <em>night owl </em>so I always study at night.</p>

<h2><a id="bag"></a>10. The cat&#39;s out of the bag / let the cat out of the bag</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> revealing a surprise that was supposed to stay hidden</p>

<p><strong>Example: </strong>We weren&rsquo;t going to tell anyone we were expecting a baby for three months, but my mom posted it on Facebook, so <em>the cat&rsquo;s out of the bag</em>.</p>

<h2><a id="grave"></a>11. Dig one&#39;s own grave</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> doing something foolish that will cause problems in the future</p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong> My sister <em>dug her own grave</em> when she decided to cheat on her exams.</p>

<h2><a id="cat"></a>12. Scaredy-cat</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> someone who is easily frightened</p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong> My friend is a <em>scaredy-cat</em><strong> </strong>when it comes to heights.</p>

<h2><a id="body"></a>13. Over one&#39;s dead body</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> when someone will do everything they can to prevent something from happening</p>

<p><strong>Example:</strong> My husband told me that he wanted us to go cage diving with sharks in Hawaii. I replied, &ldquo;<em>Over my dead body!</em> I&rsquo;m way too scared of sharks!&rdquo;</p>

<h2><a id="stab"></a>14. To stab someone in the back</h2>

<p><strong>Meaning:</strong> to betray someone</p>

<p><strong>Example: </strong>I haven&rsquo;t spoken to him since he <em>stabbed me in the back</em> when he told my secret to the whole class.</p>

<p>Click the image below to <a href="https://esllibrary.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/post/blog_printable/Ellii_14-Halloween-Idioms-and-Expressions.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">print</a> our Halloween idioms and expressions cheat sheet!&nbsp;</p>

<p><a href="https://esllibrary.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/post/blog_printable/Ellii_14-Halloween-Idioms-and-Expressions.pdf"><img alt="Halloween idioms cheat sheet with 14 Halloween expressions." src="https://esllibrary.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/ckeditor/pictures/2792/content_Ellii_14-Halloween-Idioms-and-Expressions.png" /></a></p>

<div class="white-box">
<h5>Now it&#39;s your turn!</h5>

<p>Are there any other fun Halloween idioms or expressions that we missed? Let us know in the comments below. Happy Halloween!</p>
</div>

<h2>Related materials</h2>

<ul class="resources">
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://ellii.com/resources/visual-learning/3131-halloween-idioms" target="_blank">Halloween Idioms</a></li>
	<li class="flashcards"><a href="https://ellii.com/flashcard_genres/21/flashcard_categories/46" target="_blank">Halloween Flashcards</a></li>
	<li class="lesson"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/93/lessons/1861" target="_blank">Halloween Lesson: Low Int</a></li>
	<li class="lesson"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/93/lessons/1860" target="_blank">Halloween Lesson: Int &ndash; High Int</a></li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/107/resources/2142" target="_blank">Earth Day Idioms</a></li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/107/resources/2146/" target="_blank">Lucky Idioms</a></li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/107/resources/2147" target="_blank">Spring &amp; Easter Idioms</a></li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/107/resources/2145" target="_blank">Love Idioms</a></li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/107/resources/2148" target="_blank">Eye Idioms</a></li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/107/resources/3122" target="_blank">Family Idioms</a></li>
	<li class="blog-post"><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/8-ways-to-practice-idioms-in-class/" target="_blank">8 Ways to Practice&nbsp;Idioms in&nbsp;Class</a></li>
</ul>

<p><em>Editor&#39;s note: This post was updated on October 19, 2022, to include even more spooky idioms and expressions.</em></p>
</div>


14 Halloween Idioms & Expressions

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Learn how to make the most of your Ellii subscription with tips from our publishing team.

Teaching with Ellii

<blockquote>Welcome to our&nbsp;<strong>Q&amp;A series</strong>! Our subscribers often write to our editors with excellent grammar or teaching questions.&nbsp;We wanted to share&nbsp;some of the more common questions and answers so that more people could&nbsp;benefit.</blockquote>

<h1>Question</h1>

<p>Are there cases where the <strong>present perfect</strong> and the <strong>present perfect progressive</strong> tenses are both&nbsp;correct? How can I explain this to my&nbsp;students?</p>

<h1>Answer</h1>

<p>One of the main uses of the present perfect tense&nbsp;is often interchangeable with the present perfect progressive (also known as the &quot;present perfect continuous&quot;), so this is a great&nbsp;question.</p>

<p>When I was doing my teacher training, a present perfect&nbsp;lesson was my first&nbsp;teaching assignment with actual students!&nbsp;I&#39;m not going to lie&mdash;I&nbsp;panicked and didn&#39;t explain it all that&nbsp;well.</p>

<p>In the years since, I got comfortable explaining both tenses, but I know how tough they are to&nbsp;teach.</p>

<p>Let&#39;s take a closer look!</p>

<h2>1. Form</h2>

<p>The first sentence below uses the present perfect tense (have + past participle). The second uses the present perfect progressive tense (have + been + -ing verb). Which is more common? Is there a difference in&nbsp;meaning?</p>

<ul>
	<li>I <strong>have studied</strong> English for five years.</li>
	<li>I <strong>have been studying</strong> English for five years.</li>
</ul>

<h2>2. Function</h2>

<p>Both the present perfect and the present perfect progressive can describe an action that started in the <strong>past</strong> and continues to the&nbsp;<strong>present</strong>.</p>

<p>The reason we would choose to use the progressive form is to emphasize that the action will continue in the <strong>future</strong>.</p>

<p>It&#39;s not quite that simple, though. The present perfect is also commonly used for an action that will continue in the future. So how do we explain when to use these tenses to our&nbsp;students?</p>

<h2>3. Difference</h2>

<p>The <strong>focus</strong> of both tenses is on a past action that is continuing, and it&#39;s often not important to know if the action may or may not continue into the&nbsp;future.</p>

<ul>
	<li>If the future meaning is <strong>not important </strong>(which is the most common case), stick with the<strong> </strong>present perfect&nbsp;tense.</li>
	<li>If it&#39;s necessary to <strong>emphasize</strong> the future meaning, use the present perfect progressive&nbsp;tense.</li>
</ul>

<h2>4. Other tips</h2>

<p>I also share the following info with my students to make sure they&#39;re clear on which tense to&nbsp;use.</p>

<ul>
	<li>Overall, the present perfect tense is&nbsp;<strong>more common</strong> than the present perfect progressive, so it&#39;s usually the best&nbsp;choice.</li>
	<li>Verbs that are less active (like &quot;live&quot;) use the present perfect more often, while more active verbs like &quot;study&quot; can take either tense&mdash;though the present perfect is also&nbsp;more common in this case&nbsp;too.</li>
	<li>For example, it&#39;s more common to hear &quot;I <em><strong>ha<strong>v</strong>e lived</strong> in Canada for eight years</em>,&quot; but that doesn&#39;t mean that &quot;I <strong>ha</strong><em><strong>ve been living</strong> in Canada for eight years</em>&quot; is wrong (it&#39;s correct too, but less common and not necessary unless you really want to emphasize that you&#39;re going to keep living in&nbsp;Canada).</li>
	<li>An example of a good time to use the present perfect progressive is during a job interview when you want to emphasize that your training is ongoing (e.g., <em>I <strong>have been learning</strong> English since high school, and I&#39;m still taking night classes to further improve my&nbsp;fluency</em>.)</li>
</ul>

<h2>Related materials that will make teaching easier</h2>

<p>For a more detailed look at these verb tenses (including diagrams, time markers, and exceptions), check out these posts on our&nbsp;blog:</p>

<ul class="resources">
	<li class="blog-post"><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/present-perfect-two-uses" target="_blank">Present Perfect: Two Uses</a></li>
	<li class="blog-post"><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/present-perfect-vs-present-perfect-progressive" target="_blank">Present Perfect Vs. Present Perfect Progressive</a></li>
</ul>

<p>We also have videos on these two tenses that are free to watch on Ellii&#39;s&nbsp;<a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ESLlibrary" target="_blank">YouTube channel</a>.</p>

<p>If you&#39;re subscribed to the Ellii platform, you can type&nbsp;&quot;present perfect&quot; or &quot;present perfect progressive&quot; into the search field on our site for a lot of great lessons and resources on these two tricky tenses, including the comprehensive <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons/1597" target="_blank">Present Perfect</a> and <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons/1598" target="_blank">Present Perfect Progressive</a> lessons in our Grammar Practice Worksheets&nbsp;section.</p>

<p>Good luck and happy&nbsp;teaching!</p>

<div class="white-box">
<h5>Share your thoughts</h5>

<p>If you have any questions want to ask me or suggestions you&#39;d like to share, please leave them in the comment area&nbsp;below.</p>
</div>


Q&A: How to Explain the Present Perfect & Present Perfect Progressive

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Tour around the ELT conference circuit as our team shares conference highlights and session reviews.

Conferences

<p>TESOL 2022 took place March 23&ndash;25 in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Though I attended my ninth TESOL convention virtually this year, I came away with the usual inspired and empowered feeling at the end of the conference.&nbsp;I definitely missed&nbsp;hanging out with the Ellii team&nbsp;and chatting with attendees face-to-face at the booth, but I&#39;m glad I got the chance to attend some amazing&nbsp;prerecorded and livestreamed&nbsp;sessions.</p>

<p>One such session was entitled, &quot;Teaching Listening: New Strategies for Getting Students to Higher Levels,&quot; and the presenters were Jon Philips and Federico Pomarici from the Defence Language Institute Foreign Language Center.</p>

<p>This session presented attendees with <strong>an innovative&nbsp;model of listening instruction</strong> that&#39;s quite different from what most of us (myself included) do to help students improve their listening&nbsp;skills.</p>

<p>But before we dive into the new approach, here&#39;s a quick refresher on the more traditional model most teachers have grown accustomed to using in class.</p>

<h1>Traditional Approach</h1>

<p>Philips and Pomarici began by describing&nbsp;the way most teachers teach listening in class. These tasks, which many of us have employed again and again throughout our teaching careers,&nbsp;include:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Pictures to activate&nbsp;content schemata&nbsp;(pre-listening)</li>
	<li>Vocabulary list to activate linguistic schemata&nbsp;(pre-listening)</li>
	<li>Transcription or&nbsp;fill in missing words/sentences (during&nbsp;listening)</li>
	<li>Info gaps (during&nbsp;listening)</li>
	<li>Content/comprehension&nbsp;questions&nbsp;(post-listening)</li>
</ul>

<p>Philips and Pomarici explained that this traditional approach does not account for the actual challenges learners face when listening, and these types of tasks may not be the best way to help students improve their listening skills.</p>

<p>They&nbsp;argued that teachers are <strong>testing</strong> listening rather than <strong>teaching</strong>&nbsp;it.</p>

<blockquote>
<p>&quot;In the traditional approach, comprehension is a&nbsp;<strong>product</strong>&nbsp;of listening, focusing mainly on the final outcome of the listening process in the form of answers to comprehension questions.&quot;</p>

<p class="attribution">&mdash;Philips &amp;&nbsp;Pomarici</p>
</blockquote>

<h1>New Approach</h1>

<p>Philips and Pomarici suggested that a new, different methodology would involve focusing on the process of listening instead of the&nbsp;product.</p>

<blockquote>
<p>&quot;In this new approach, comprehension&nbsp;is a <strong>process</strong> for listening&nbsp;and refers to the mental processes, skills, and strategies that serve as the foundation of skilled listening.&quot;</p>

<p class="attribution">&mdash;Philips &amp;&nbsp;Pomarici</p>
</blockquote>

<p>They divided their new methodology into two phases and gave a brief&nbsp;example of each.</p>

<h2>Phase 1: Structured Preview Phase</h2>

<p>Philips and Pomarici&nbsp;explained how going beyond the usual vocab and/or image preview tasks can really set&nbsp;learners up for listening&nbsp;success.</p>

<p>They suggested&nbsp;four key tasks to use in this phase:</p>

<p><strong>1. Preview content and voice: </strong>Play 1&ndash;3 lines&nbsp;while students read along with the transcript. The goal is to get them used to the speaker&#39;s voice and intonation. Have students employ their own content and linguistic background knowledge by asking them&nbsp;&quot;What is this&nbsp;about?&quot;</p>

<p><strong>2. Predict&nbsp;emotional overtone: </strong>Play part of the excerpt while they read along. Elicit students&#39; thoughts on the speaker&#39;s emotional status (active or passive, positive or negative?) and have students underline any stressed&nbsp;words.</p>

<p><strong>3. Raise&nbsp;awareness of sociocultural context:&nbsp;</strong>Give students a list of places, companies, events, etc. mentioned in the passage. Have groups of students do some research online about one item in the list and share it with the&nbsp;class.</p>

<p><strong>4. Attend&nbsp;to functions of grammatical features:&nbsp;</strong>Choose a grammar target that you&#39;ve previously covered in class that is frequent in the listening passage (e.g., passive voice, imperative verbs, conditional sentences, etc.). Have learners transcribe sentences they hear that include the grammar target. Ask them how the grammar affects the&nbsp;meaning.</p>

<h2>Phase 2: Selective Strategic Listening&nbsp;Phase</h2>

<p>Philips and Pomarici discussed how to truly teach learners how to listen by going beyond the typical fill-in-the-blanks types of tasks.</p>

<p>They set out six tasks to use for this phase:</p>

<p><strong>1. Build a storyline and stage information:&nbsp;</strong>Discourse order and chronological order are often quite different. Have students&nbsp;put the events they hear in chronological&nbsp;order.</p>

<p><strong>2. Paraphrase to understand inferencing:&nbsp;</strong>Choose key sentences from the excerpt and paraphrase them so the meaning is the same for some and different for others. Have students decide which are different and why. This strategy helps&nbsp;them understand nuances and shades of&nbsp;meaning.</p>

<p><strong>3. Use selective decoding strategies:&nbsp;</strong>Change some words in the transcript so there are inaccuracies (use&nbsp;other letters, similar sounds, word derivatives, etc., such as changing &quot;the same&quot; to &quot;the game&quot;). Have students listen and underline the words that have been changed to help them decode at different levels (phoneme, syllable,&nbsp;word).</p>

<p><strong>4. Build relationships among paragraphs:&nbsp;</strong>Play a long text several times and ask students to write the first three words of any line they believe starts a new paragraph. This strategy will help them understand the relationship between paragraphs and the speaker&#39;s development of&nbsp;thoughts.</p>

<p><strong>5. Differentiate between facts and opinions and justify selection:&nbsp;</strong>Make a chart with the headings &quot;Facts&quot; and &quot;Opinions&quot; and have students fill in the chart while you play an excerpt a few times. Ask them to explain why they think something is a fact or an&nbsp;opinion.</p>

<p><strong>6. Build a comprehensive summary:&nbsp;</strong>Play the excerpt in segments, stopping after each to give students a chance to talk with a partner and make notes about what they heard. At the end of the passage, have learners use their notes and work in pairs to build a&nbsp;summary.</p>

<h1>Final Thoughts</h1>

<p>Philips and Pomarici ended their presentation by saying that listening comprehension is both a <strong>process</strong> and a <strong>product</strong>.</p>

<p>They explained that learners would greatly benefit if teachers adopted a <strong>balanced approach</strong> to teaching listening that included both methods in order to teach students how to listen, as well as to&nbsp;assess&nbsp;their listening&nbsp;skills.</p>

<p>My personal conclusion was that if I were still teaching, I would have loved to try incorporating&nbsp;the new process approach into my usual product approach. I think my learners (especially the lower levels)&nbsp;would have greatly benefitted from&nbsp;some or all of the preview phase tasks. My students (especially the higher levels) would also have benefitted from the strategic listening phase activities.</p>

<p>I can see how doing such tasks would greatly improve learners&#39; listening skills both inside and outside of the classroom because we&nbsp;would be training them&nbsp;to listen for factors that go well beyond the answers to comprehension questions.&nbsp;This would aid their overall comprehension and serve them well in their journey to fluency.</p>

<div class="white-box">
<h5>Share Your Thoughts</h5>

<p>How do you teach listening in your class? Are you inspired to try teaching listening in a new way? Share your comments below!</p>
</div>


Takeaways from TESOL 2022: New Strategies for Teaching Listening 

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<blockquote>This is the first post in our new <strong>Q&amp;A series</strong>! Our subscribers often write to our editors with excellent grammar or teaching questions.&nbsp;We thought we&#39;d start sharing some of the more common questions and answers so that more people could&nbsp;benefit!</blockquote>

<h1>Question</h1>

<p>What can I&nbsp;do when&nbsp;students&nbsp;keep making the<strong> same grammar mistakes</strong> over and over again? How can I help&nbsp;them?</p>

<h1>Answer</h1>

<p>That&#39;s a great question and it&#39;s something so many teachers&nbsp;face!</p>

<p>Whenever I notice a student making a grammar mistake repeatedly, there are&nbsp;a few&nbsp;things I always do for&nbsp;that student (or, better yet, for the whole class if it&#39;s something they could all benefit&nbsp;from).</p>

<h2>1. Review the Form &amp; Function</h2>

<p>The most important thing is to <strong>review grammar notes&nbsp;</strong>on that particular grammar target so that your student(s) learns (or reviews) how the target is formed and how it functions in a&nbsp;sentence. This will greatly reduce their chances of making the same grammatical error in the future.&nbsp;</p>

<p>Subscribers love using our&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons" target="_blank">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a>,&nbsp;which&nbsp;include grammar notes at the beginning of every lesson to make the presentation easy for teachers and&nbsp;students.&nbsp;</p>

<p>You can also search&nbsp;the <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/categories/grammar-usage" target="_blank">Grammar &amp; Usage section</a>&nbsp;on our blog to find grammar notes on many popular&nbsp;targets.</p>

<p>Another way to help&nbsp;students fix recurring grammar mistakes is to have them watch a captivating&nbsp;video.</p>

<p>Many grammar&nbsp;lessons on our site&nbsp;include a&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/collections/videos" target="_blank">video</a> that introduces the target in a fun and engaging way. You can also&nbsp;play some of these <strong>grammar videos</strong> for your&nbsp;students from our <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/ESLlibrary" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">YouTube channel</a>. We&nbsp;add&nbsp;new grammar videos&nbsp;there every&nbsp;month!</p>

<h2>2. Assign Practice Exercises</h2>

<p>Once you&#39;re confident that your student understands the form and function of the target, you can assign <strong>practice tasks</strong> (from drills to grammar in context) to ensure&nbsp;retention.</p>

<p>Use your class textbook, find exercises online,&nbsp;or try some lessons from our popular&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons" target="_blank">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a>, <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/116/lessons" target="_blank">Fun Grammar Lessons</a>, or <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/89/lessons" target="_blank">Basic Grammar Sentences</a>&nbsp;sections.</p>

<h2>3. Look at the Grammar in Context</h2>

<p>Context is everything. Showing your students how to apply the grammar target&nbsp;they&#39;ve&nbsp;been struggling with in&nbsp;different settings is an effective way to help them fix the grammatical error they&#39;ve been repeating.&nbsp;</p>

<p><strong>News articles</strong> are a great place to see the target&nbsp;in context. Find an article that includes the target and have your student&nbsp;underline or otherwise point it&nbsp;out.</p>

<p>To&nbsp;see more <strong>grammar in context</strong>, subscribers&nbsp;can search for the target on our site, or they&nbsp;can visit our <a href="https://ellii.com/collections/grammar" target="_blank">Grammar Collection</a>&nbsp;(in the Materials dropdown menu) to see all the lessons that include that target. Our <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/90/lessons" target="_blank">Grammar Stories</a> and <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/129/lessons" target="_blank">True Grammar Stories</a> sections are great places for subscribers to look&nbsp;too.</p>

<h2>4. Don&#39;t Let Mistakes Slide</h2>

<p>Above all, don&#39;t stop <strong>pointing out</strong> (in a kind way, of course) when a student has&nbsp;misused a grammar target&nbsp;in writing or speaking. If we ignore it, the grammar mistake could become <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/6-strategies-to-help-students-overcome-fossilized-speech-patterns" target="_blank">fossilized</a> and more difficult to&nbsp;overcome.</p>

<p>I usually try to point out grammar&nbsp;errors&nbsp;without interrupting the student&#39;s&nbsp;speech or singling them out. I&nbsp;tell them privately after class, for example, or note several mistakes made by various students&mdash;without naming names&mdash;on the board after a group&nbsp;discussion.</p>

<h2>5. Offer Encouragement</h2>

<p>I also try to offer a lot of <strong>encouragement</strong> (e.g., &quot;It takes a long time to learn a language and English grammar is difficult, but you&#39;re doing great and you&#39;ll get&nbsp;there!&quot;).</p>

<p>Students can become overwhelmed or discouraged while learning a new language, so perhaps&nbsp;the best thing teachers can do is to keep motivating our learners as best we&nbsp;can.</p>

<p>Good luck and happy&nbsp;teaching!</p>

<blockquote>How do you handle recurring grammar mistakes? If you have&nbsp;suggestions you&#39;d like to share, please leave us a comment&nbsp;below!</blockquote>


Q&A: How to Help Students Fix Recurring Grammar Mistakes

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<p>The <a href="https://www.tesol.org/convention-2021">TESOL 2021 International Convention</a> was virtual this year. Though our team really missed talking to&nbsp;teachers face-to-face (and reuniting with remote coworkers), it was still a great opportunity to give <a href="https://tesolvirtual.tesol.showcare.io/exhibitors/esl-library-red-river-press/">presentations&nbsp;about ESL Library</a> and attend some wonderful PD sessions. We always come away from the conference feeling inspired and refreshed, and this year was no different in that regard.</p>

<p>Although I attended many excellent sessions on a variety of educational topics, one theme really caught my eyes and ears this year: the <strong>Genre-Based Approach</strong> (GBA). I was unfamiliar with this teaching method, but a quick overview of session descriptions piqued my interest.&nbsp;</p>

<h1>What Is the Genre-Based Approach?</h1>

<p>The word &quot;genre&quot; is defined in&nbsp;<em>Merriam-Webster</em>&nbsp;as&nbsp;&quot;a category of artistic, musical, or literary composition characterized by a particular style, form, or content.&quot;</p>

<p>In a nutshell, the Genre-Based Approach (GBA) is a teaching method that focuses on content over form. Genre here refers to a category&mdash;a set type of content.&nbsp;</p>

<p>The GBA is becoming more and more common in writing classes. With the GBA, you don&#39;t have students write for the sake of writing practice alone&mdash;you have them write&nbsp;with a purpose or action in mind, following a formula (or prototype)&nbsp;with common expressions that are&nbsp;specific to the genre.</p>

<p>For example, &quot;write a recipe&quot; would be an example of a genre-based writing task, but &quot;write a paragraph about your last vacation&quot; would not be. Recipes follow a certain, familiar prototype (usually a list of ingredients followed by instructions in sequence) with common expressions (measurements, &quot;cooking&quot; action verbs, etc.).</p>

<h1>How Can We Use the GBA in Our Teaching?</h1>

<p>Ann Johns and Christine Tardy gave an informative presentation on Friday, March 26, 2021, called <a href="https://tesolvirtual.tesol.showcare.io/sessions/genre-based-instruction-frequently-asked-questionsnand-answers/">Genre-Based Instruction: Frequently Asked Questions and Answers</a>. Later on Friday, Colin Ward and Alice Savage gave a&nbsp;compelling presentation called <a href="https://tesolvirtual.tesol.showcare.io/sessions/the-genre-based-classroom-whys-and-hows/">The Genre-Based Classroom: Whys and Hows</a>.</p>

<p>Johns and Tardy mentioned that it&#39;s important to teach not only the genre prototype (common practices developed over the years), but also the variations. They gave an example of a wedding invitation. Students from other countries may not be familiar with the localized genre (i.e., they don&#39;t necessarily have the &quot;genre-specific knowledge&quot; they need to understand or reproduce something from that genre), so a good place to start would be to show examples of a typical wedding invitation. Once you&#39;ve taught them the formal language and expressions used in a typical invitation, you can start pointing out the variations (e.g., some wedding invitations spell out the dates, whereas others use numerical forms).</p>

<p>Johns and Tardy summed up by saying it&#39;s important to assign writing tasks based on everyday genres such as advertisements, menus, product reviews, emails, etc. They reminded us that any writing should be meaningful <em>right now</em>&nbsp;and should never be writing only for the sake of writing (as is common in a typical academic essay assignment). &quot;The actions the genre is used to accomplish&quot; was reiterated throughout their presentation, and they concluded that the goal of any writing&nbsp;class should be &quot;to enact writing, not to practice writing.&quot;</p>

<p>In their presentation, Ward and Savage discussed three pertinent questions about teaching writing nowadays:</p>

<ul>
	<li>Why is the five-paragraph essay under attack?</li>
	<li>Is genre the solution?</li>
	<li>What do genre-informed writing lessons look like?</li>
</ul>

<p>Ward and Savage said that though the typical academic essay can help guide lower-level students, it&#39;s too strict and too focused on form over content. They explained how writing with a clear audience in mind helps students have a sense of purpose with their writing (e.g., writing to a politician vs. writing for the professor).</p>

<p>They mentioned that genre helps teachers rethink the way they teach writing. For example, if you wanted to teach your students to write a recipe, you could start by teaching the vocabulary, grammar, fixed expressions, and patterns of language that are common to that genre. Ward and Savage reminded us that genre-informed writing tasks always have a clear audience and purpose and prioritize content over form.</p>

<h1>Using the Genre-Based Approach with ESL Library Materials</h1>

<p>Not everyone teaches and learns in the same way. At ESL Library, we have always tried to include a wide variety of teaching methodologies in our materials, and many of our writing lessons could be used to teach with the GBA.</p>

<p>Our <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons">Writing in English</a> section contains many lessons that focus on how to write for a genre such as text messages, emails, recipes, tweets, and various business topics such as resumes, cover letters, and business letters. Try some out with your students and see if they respond better to a content-focused writing lesson (rather than form-focused).&nbsp;</p>

<p>It&#39;s important to keep in mind that different students will respond to different methodologies. For those students who crave more guidance and a step-by-step approach, we also have <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons">writing lessons</a> that focus on structure (including lessons on how to write an outline, introductory paragraph, body paragraphs, concluding paragraph, and summary).</p>

<h1>Conclusion</h1>

<p>Have you ever used the Genre-Based Approach in your classroom? We&#39;d love to hear from you in the comments section below. What worked and what didn&#39;t work?</p>

<p>Personally, I&#39;d like to try the GBA, though I&#39;m always wary of all-or-nothing styles of teaching. Ideally, I&#39;d combine GBA-style lessons with structured lessons and see what my students responded to. I have a feeling that, much like with grammar (I love a combination of the implicit/inductive/Socratic method where I elicit the target or have my students learn in context, followed&mdash;or sometimes preceded&mdash;by the explicit/deductive method where I present the target&#39;s rules and exceptions), I would use a combination of content-focused and form-focused materials to teach writing in my classroom.</p>

<h1>Related</h1>

<p>If you want to give the GBA a try in your writing class, here are some ESL Library lessons you could use:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/1828">How to Write a Blog Post</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/1991">How to Write a Recipe</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/1829">How to Write an Email</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/2365">How to Write a Note</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/2053">How to Tweet</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/2239">How to Fill Out a Form</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/2099">How to Write a Resume</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/2102">How to Write a Cover Letter</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/1942">How to Write a Business Letter</a></li>
</ul>


The Genre-Based Approach: TESOL 2021 Session Reviews

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<p>On November 8, 2020, Canadian game show host Alex Trebek died at home at the age of 80 after a battle with pancreatic cancer. Amazingly, Trebek kept filming his popular trivia game show, <em>Jeopardy!</em>, right until the end of his life (the final episode will air December 25, 2020). Trebek set a Guinness World Record for the most game show episodes ever hosted&mdash;more than 8,000 in all!&nbsp;In the words of Prime Minister Justin Trudeau, &quot;the world lost an icon.&quot;</p>

<p><em>Jeopardy!</em> had a great impact on both my personal and professional life. I grew up watching <em>Jeopardy!</em> every night after dinner&mdash;it was one of my dad&#39;s favorite shows. The show&#39;s concept, along with Alex Trebek&#39;s friendly, encouraging manner, instilled a love of learning in me from a young age.</p>

<p>Professionally, I often used the game show&#39;s format to create review activities&nbsp;in my ESL classrooms. My students loved the challenge of the progressively more difficult questions and looked forward to competing for imaginary money. I used <em>Jeopardy!</em> for vocabulary review most often, but I also adapted it for grammar review and used it as a general trivia game that my students enjoyed. I even had my students create their own Jeopardy! boards.</p>

<p>Many North American immigrants claim to have&nbsp;learned English by watching <em>Jeopardy!</em>, including <a href="https://www.cnn.com/2020/11/09/us/alex-trebek-jeopardy-taught-english-trnd/index.html">Kristyna Ng and Burt Thakur</a>&nbsp;who both made it onto the quiz show&nbsp;to tell their language-learning stories.</p>

<p>If you are interested in trying <em>Jeopardy!</em> with your students, follow the steps below.</p>

<h1>How to Play&nbsp;<em>Jeopardy!</em></h1>

<h3>1. Choose the categories and words you wish to review.</h3>

<ul>
	<li>For a vocabulary review activity, you can choose the titles of six lessons you&#39;ve done during the past month for your categories&nbsp;and five words you wish to review from each lesson for the dollar amounts.</li>
	<li>Another idea&nbsp;is to choose common categories such as People, Places, Food, Weather, Animals, and Sports to create a general knowledge review.</li>
</ul>

<h3>2. Copy the following table onto the board, or share it in&nbsp;an online teaching platform.</h3>

<ul>
	<li>If you want to review fewer words, choose fewer categories (e.g., for a total of 15 words to review, have&nbsp;three&nbsp;categories with five words in each).</li>
	<li>You can also google&nbsp;&quot;Jeopardy board&quot; to find various other boards to share in class or online.</li>
</ul>

<p><img alt="" src="https://esllibrary.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/ckeditor/pictures/1061/content_Jeopardy-Example_Chart.png" /></p>

<h3>3. Prepare the vocabulary words and definitions in a master list ahead of time that you can refer to.</h3>

<ul>
	<li>To mimic the real <i>Jeopardy!</i>&nbsp;game, the words/definitions should progress in order of difficulty, with $100 being the easiest and $500 being the most difficult.</li>
	<li>If you&#39;re reviewing ESL Library lessons you&#39;ve done in class, simply open the PDF or Task Player of a lesson and make a list. For example, if Category 1 is a review of <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/72/lessons/1263">Climate Change</a> vocabulary, your list might look like this:
	<ul>
		<li>$100 undeniable = unable to be denied</li>
		<li>$200 greenhouse gas = a type of gas that contributes to the trapping of heat in the earth&#39;s atmosphere</li>
		<li>$300 carbon footprint = the amount of greenhouse gases contributed by a single person or group</li>
		<li>etc.</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>If you&#39;re playing a general knowledge game, you can find plenty of vocabulary words and definitions within our <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/80/lessons">Famous People</a>, <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/81/lessons">Famous Places,</a>&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/courses/82/lessons">Famous Things</a>, and <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/97/lessons">Sports &amp; Leisure</a>&nbsp;lessons.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>Alternatively, have students create their own list of words and definitions based on past lessons or categories, words, and definitions that they write themselves.</li>
</ul>

<h3>4. Start the game!</h3>

<ul>
	<li>Divide the class into two (or more) teams.</li>
	<li>One student from Team A starts the play by choosing a category and an amount.</li>
	<li>Read the definition from your master list associated with that category and dollar amount.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>If that&nbsp;student responds with the correct vocabulary word for that definition, they collect the dollar value of that square.
	<ul>
		<li>To make it more authentic, have your students answer <em>Jeopardy!</em>-style,&nbsp;where each answer begins with &quot;What is...&quot;</li>
	</ul>
	</li>
	<li>If that student from Team A answers incorrectly, someone from Team B can steal the money by answering correctly. If neither team can answer correctly, you can reveal the correct answer and&nbsp;no one gets the money from that square.</li>
	<li>Continue the game with a student from Team B. Continue gameplay with the teams taking turns until they&#39;ve gone through every square.&nbsp;</li>
	<li>The team with the most money at the end of the game wins!</li>
</ul>

<h1>Related</h1>

<ul class="resources">
	<li class="lesson"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/133/lessons/3414">Alex Trebek Remembered</a>: English with the Washington Post (Adv)</li>
	<li class="lesson"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/133/lessons/3448">Alex Trebek Remembered</a> (Int &ndash; High Int)</li>
	<li class="lesson"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/133/lessons/3449">Alex Trebek Remembered</a> (Low Int &ndash; Int)</li>
	<li class="blog-post"><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/4-ways-to-teach-new-vocabulary">4 Ways to Teach New Vocabulary</a></li>
	<li class="blog-post"><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/4-activities-for-reviewing-vocabulary">4 Activities for Reviewing Vocabulary</a>.</li>
</ul>


Playing Jeopardy! in Class: A Tribute to Alex Trebek

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Find useful resources and tips for teaching English with interactive apps and sites.

EdTech

Discover what's new or coming soon, including upcoming lessons and resources and product feature updates. 

Announcements

<p><strong>Update 09/2023: Please note that our company name and platform has changed a lot since 2020. You will find all our video content in Ellii&#39;s <a href="https://ellii.com/media/videos">Media Gallery</a>.</strong><br />
&nbsp;</p>

<p>ESL Library now has video content! Videos provide English language learners with many benefits, and they are a great way to increase student engagement and comprehension.</p>

<p>You can watch our Simple Present video here on the blog. Read on to learn more about the videos we currently offer and the ways they can enhance your&nbsp;class!</p>

<div class="videoWrapper"><iframe allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="360" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/429774530" width="640"></iframe></div>

<h1>Grammar Videos</h1>

<p>Our Simple Present video is available to watch above, but you will also find it in the Video Intro task for the&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons/2403">Simple Present</a> lesson in our&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a> section.</p>

<p>Take a look at the&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/folders/published/69792">ESL Library Videos Folder</a> for a complete list of the grammar videos we currently have available. We&#39;re adding more every&nbsp;month!</p>

<p><a href="https://ellii.com/pricing">Plus</a> members&nbsp;can play our videos in a live class or an online class using a shared screen. Our videos are also&nbsp;assignable as homework tasks.</p>

<p>To play a video in a live or online class, click on the Task Player on the grammar lesson landing page. Within the Task Player,&nbsp;start the Video Intro task. For more info, see <a href="https://help.ellii.com/article/200-how-to-broadcast-tasks">How to Broadcast Tasks</a>.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://esllibrary.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/ckeditor/pictures/1045/content_Screen_Shot_2020-10-28_at_10.55.02_AM.png" /></p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://esllibrary.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/ckeditor/pictures/1046/content_Screen_Shot_2020-10-28_at_10.57.01_AM.png" /></p>

<p>To assign a video as homework or to send it to students&rsquo; own devices in class, click on the Assignment Manager&nbsp;on the grammar lesson landing page and choose who to assign it to. For more info, see <a href="https://help.ellii.com/article/122-how-to-assign-digital-homework">How to Assign Digital Homework</a> and&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assign-grammar-tasks-online">How to Assign Grammar Tasks&nbsp;Online</a>.</p>

<p><img alt="" src="https://esllibrary.s3.amazonaws.com/uploads/ckeditor/pictures/1047/content_Screen_Shot_2020-10-28_at_10.58.13_AM.png" /></p>

<h1>Benefits of Grammar Videos</h1>

<p>Our grammar videos:</p>

<ul>
	<li>make learning grammar fun (which is often a&nbsp;challenge!)</li>
	<li>offer a condensed version of our comprehensive grammar&nbsp;notes</li>
	<li>can be used for multiple levels and&nbsp;ages</li>
	<li>appeal to all types of learners (especially visual and auditory&nbsp;learners)</li>
	<li>provide the opportunity for students to strengthen multiple skill sets (grammar, listening, reading, and pronunciation in some cases)</li>
	<li>offer a more engaging way to present the grammar notes/explanation of a&nbsp;target</li>
	<li>show grammatical forms, functions, and patterns visually to aid&nbsp;comprehension</li>
	<li>show animated images of examples to really drive a target&nbsp;home</li>
	<li>help learners comprehend and retain info better than a text-only presentation</li>
</ul>

<h1>More Video Content</h1>

<p>Videos can do a lot more than clarify&nbsp;a grammar target! Videos can bring a dialogue to life or shed light on difficult concepts and vocabulary. They also make tasks more engaging and can facilitate conversation. Our video development team is busy creating videos for&nbsp;the following sections:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/76/lessons">Everyday Dialogues</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/72/lessons">Discussion Starters</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/131/lessons">Phonics Stories</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/93/lessons">Holidays &amp; Events</a></li>
</ul>

<p>For a complete list of the videos we currenly have on our site, see the&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/folders/published/69792">ESL Library Videos Folder</a>.</p>

<h1>Feedback &amp; Requests</h1>

<p>We have so many ideas for future videos, but we&rsquo;d also love to hear yours! Teacher feedback and requests have always guided what we do at ESL&nbsp;Library, and our videos will be no&nbsp;exception.</p>

<p>What would you like to see in terms of video content on our site? Drop us a line or leave a comment below. We&rsquo;d love to hear from&nbsp;you!</p>

<p><em>PS. Did you know that we have many teacher-training videos already available? Check out our <a href="https://help.ellii.com/collection/1-how-to-videos">Help Docs video section</a> for demos and guidance on the content and features of our&nbsp;site.</em></p>


Introducing Videos on ESL Library

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<h1>Teaching Grammar Online with ESL Library</h1>

<p>Teaching grammar can be a challenge at the best of times, and having to suddenly manage it digitally can be especially difficult. We hope this series of posts on how to teach grammar online will be helpful!&nbsp;Please feel free to leave comments and questions below. We&#39;re here for you!</p>

<p>This three-part grammar series will cover:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/teaching-grammar-online-with-esl-library">How to Teach Grammar Online</a></li>
	<li>How to Assign Grammar Tasks Online (this post)</li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assess-grammar-online">How to Assess Grammar Online</a></li>
</ul>

<h1>How to Assign Grammar Tasks Online</h1>

<p>Our <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a> section has 60 lessons available on our online platform.</p>

<p>Once you&#39;ve chosen a target and clicked on the Digital tab, you will see all the digital tasks that are available to our subscribers. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our Standard plan subscribers have <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/teaching-with-digital-resources-during-the-covid-19-pandemic">free access</a> to all our Premium plan digital tasks, so you will be able to use them all with your students.</p>

<h2>1. Order of Tasks</h2>

<p>The digital tasks in every <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a>&nbsp;lesson follow a logical, progressive order (with the easiest tasks at the beginning and the more difficult ones at the end). All these&nbsp;lessons begin with the grammar notes&nbsp;and most end with a quiz (see <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assess-grammar-online">How to Assess Grammar Online</a>).</p>

<p>For example, our <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons/1594">Simple Past</a> lesson includes&nbsp;the grammar notes followed by two easy multiple-choice exercises to practice positive and negative sentences in the simple past. After that, there are two tasks to practice regular verbs. Next comes an irregular verb list and two practice exercises. The remaining four tasks include a mix of regular and irregular verbs and cover time markers, question formation, and opposites. The lesson concludes with a quiz&mdash;a quick assessment task so you can check your students&#39; comprehension of everything they learned in this lesson.</p>

<p>Keep in mind that the task order is only a general guideline. Feel free to vary the order of the tasks you assign according to&nbsp;the needs of your students.</p>

<h2>2. Launching Tasks</h2>

<p>You can <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/launch-or-preview-digital-tasks">preview each task</a> before you assign it by clicking the task title. This is also how you would <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/launch-or-preview-digital-tasks">launch the task</a>&nbsp;if you were screensharing it. Under Task Info, you will find the answer key and the task at a glance all on one page.</p>

<p>How many tasks should you do at one time? This depends on the time of your session and the needs of your learners.&nbsp;</p>

<p>If you only have an hour, try going through two or three tasks plus correction and discussion. If you are teaching the same learners all week, you could break up the lesson and do two or three tasks a day from the lesson along with other related material (see the Related section of any lesson page). If your students appear to know the grammar target quite well, you could do a couple of tasks and then move on to another target. However, if you have a long class, you could definitely cover the whole lesson (all the tasks for one target) since they are progressive in difficulty and not repetitive in nature.</p>

<p>You could always assign one or two tasks (or all of them!) for homework. See the next section for more information on assigning tasks for homework.</p>

<h2>3. Assigning Tasks</h2>

<p>To assign a task for homework, use&nbsp;the Assignment Manager button from a lesson page (see our <a href="https://help.ellii.com/category/110-digital-tools">Help Docs</a> and <a href="https://help.ellii.com/category/119-digital-tools">How-To Videos</a>&nbsp;for help with this).&nbsp;</p>

<p>You will get your students&#39; results in real&nbsp;time for most tasks. For tasks with written (typed) answers, you will be able to score the answers and leave written feedback for your learners.</p>

<p>Keep in mind that you could also assign tasks for your students to complete during an online session. This way&nbsp;they can complete the tasks individually at their own pace (just as they would in class using a paper-based exercise), and you can see the&nbsp;results for all your students while you&#39;re conducting a class using a screensharing platform. After your students complete a task, you could choose to go through it while screensharing to discuss any problems they may have had.</p>

<p>The beauty of assigning homework tasks is that you could always choose to assign more to students who are struggling and fewer to students who aren&#39;t. You can also assign a random, one-off task on a certain target from any lesson to a student who had a question about it or wanted extra practice.</p>

<h1>Teaching Order</h1>

<p>When should you teach articles? How about prepositions of place? Should you teach imperative verbs before the present progressive? Many teachers wonder which order of grammar targets is best. We have a <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons/2565">Teaching Order</a> chart for our <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a> section that you can apply to all our grammar materials.</p>

<p>Please keep in mind that this is a general guideline and is absolutely not set in stone! The order can vary according to your students&#39; needs. It may also vary if you&#39;re following a certain curriculum.</p>

<p><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons/2565">This resource</a> is mainly for teachers, and as such&nbsp;it is not available as an assignable digital resource, but feel free to share this order with your students using a screensharing platform. You could also download the PDF and email it to your students if you want them to see it.</p>

<p>If you&#39;re an online tutor, you can customize your teaching order much more easily. Try giving&nbsp;your student(s) a list of grammar targets and ask which ones they struggle with the most. Assign writing and/or speaking tasks to discover which targets your student&nbsp;struggles with. You could also use the four assessment/placement tests mentioned above. Any of these methods will also work with a big class, but it might be a bit more difficult to establish a teaching order if your students&#39; needs vary widely.</p>

<p>We hope you found this second post in our three-part series about teaching grammar online useful!</p>

<ul>
	<li>Here is the next post in the series: <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assess-grammar-online">How to Assess Grammar Online</a></li>
	<li>If you missed our first post in the series, find it here: <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/teaching-grammar-online-with-esl-library">How to Teach Grammar Online</a></li>
</ul>

<h1>&nbsp;</h1>


How to Assign Grammar Tasks Online

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<h1>Teaching Grammar Online with ESL Library</h1>

<p>With the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic came many, many changes for people all over the world.&nbsp;We&#39;ve all had to adapt to numerous disruptions to our lives&mdash;socially, physically, emotionally, and financially, to name a few.</p>

<p>For teachers, the abrupt switch (in many cases)&nbsp;to online teaching has been especially challenging. At ESL Library, we&#39;ve been helping our overwhelmed ESL/ELT community as best we can with <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/teaching-with-digital-resources-during-the-covid-19-pandemic">free upgrades</a>, <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/teaching-online-webinars">webinars</a>, <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/faq-teachers">FAQs</a>, and <a href="https://ellii.com/collections/69/lessons">new materials</a>.</p>

<p>Teaching grammar can be a challenge at the best of times, and having to suddenly manage it digitally was certainly&nbsp;a frightening prospect for some of us.&nbsp;We hope the following blog post on how to teach grammar online will be helpful!&nbsp;Please feel free to leave comments and questions below. We&#39;re here for you&mdash;you&#39;re not alone.</p>

<p>This three-part grammar series will cover:</p>

<ul>
	<li>How to Teach Grammar Online (this post)</li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assign-grammar-tasks-online">How to Assign Grammar Tasks Online</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assess-grammar-online">How to Assess Grammar Online</a></li>
</ul>

<h1>Grammar Notes</h1>

<p>All of our 60 digital&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a> lessons have <strong>Grammar Notes</strong> as the first assignable online task. These notes contain helpful explanations, examples, rules, and exceptions for each grammar target. Read on for four different ways to present these notes to your students!</p>

<p>To present these grammar notes using our online platform,&nbsp;click on the Digital tab for any grammar lesson. You can now&nbsp;click on Assign Tasks to share the grammar notes on your students&#39; own devices, or you can click on the first title to launch the task (if using a screensharing&nbsp;program). See our <a href="https://help.ellii.com/category/110-digital-tools">Help Docs</a> and <a href="https://help.ellii.com/category/119-digital-tools">How-To Videos</a> for step-by-step guidance&nbsp;or attend one of our free&nbsp;<a href="http://ellii.com/blog/teaching-online-webinars">webinars</a>.</p>

<p>Note that some grammar lessons contain more comprehensive grammar notes in the PDF (printable) version, including charts, more examples, and extra exceptions to a rule. Remember that you have the option of&nbsp;using&nbsp;a screensharing platform to display the PDF during your live class. You could also download the PDF and email it to your students.</p>

<h1>How to Teach Grammar Online</h1>

<p>There are different&nbsp;ways to introduce a grammar target to your learners. Choose one of the following methods based on your personal preference. You could also try each method and see which is best for your learners, or you could try different methods for different targets for variety.</p>

<h2>1. Read through the grammar notes together</h2>

<p>If you like explicit grammar instruction, this method is for you.</p>

<p>Before you begin the grammar practice tasks, walk your students through the grammar presentation notes while screensharing the notes or while they follow along on their own devices. There are plenty of ways to make this more interactive!</p>

<ul>
	<li>Have students take turns reading the examples out loud so you can also work on their pronunciation (and so they&#39;re not only listening to your voice&nbsp;the whole time).</li>
	<li>Elicit as you go. For example, before reading about the form or function&nbsp;of a target, ask &quot;Does anyone know the two ways we can contract &#39;He is not&#39;?&quot; or &quot;Does anyone know when&nbsp;we use the present perfect tense?&quot;</li>
	<li>Have students come up with their own example sentences. After reading the examples from the grammar notes, have students think of more and share them.</li>
	<li>Follow up with a discussion. Do your students now understand the form and function of a target? Are they clear on&nbsp;the exceptions to the general rules? Do they need more examples from you? Do they have any further questions about the target?</li>
</ul>

<h2>2. Assign the grammar notes for homework</h2>

<p>If you like explicit instruction but want your learners to take charge of their own learning, give this method a try.</p>

<p>The day&nbsp;before you start a new grammar lesson, assign the grammar notes task as homework. Have students read through them and write down any questions they have to ask you the next day.</p>

<ul>
	<li>To make it more interactive, you could tell students to be prepared to answer your questions about the notes the next day.</li>
	<li>You could also ask them comprehension-check questions about the basics of form and function of the target.</li>
	<li>You may want to ask about the exceptions as well since those are trickier to learn and remember.</li>
</ul>

<h2>3. Assign grammar practice tasks before reviewing the grammar notes</h2>

<p>If you prefer&nbsp;implicit grammar acquisition, give this method a try.</p>

<p>This method involves skipping&nbsp;the grammar notes at first.</p>

<ul>
	<li>Assign one or more of the grammar tasks&nbsp;and see if your students can tell&nbsp;<em>you</em>&nbsp;the grammar rules the next day. By doing a bit of practice, can they figure out the rules and patterns of the target you&#39;re studying?</li>
	<li>Next, go through the grammar notes together or assign them for homework. If you&#39;re doing them together, you can refer to examples from the tasks they&#39;ve already done.</li>
	<li>After covering the notes, assign the rest of the tasks in the lesson.</li>
</ul>

<h2>4. Assign a non-grammar lesson that uses the grammar target in context</h2>

<p>If you like the communicative approach to teaching, try this method.</p>

<p>In the top right-hand corner of <a href="https://ellii.com">ESL&nbsp;Library&#39;s website</a>, you&#39;ll find the search icon (the magnifying glass). After clicking on it, type in the grammar target in the search field and choose a non-grammar lesson from the list (if applicable). Students will be able to see the target in context.</p>

<p>For example, <a href="https://ellii.com/courses?query=imperative">search for &quot;imperative.&quot;</a> You will be able to assign a <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/92/lessons">Functional English</a> lesson on <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/92/lessons/2119">Following Instructions</a> or <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/92/lessons/1755">Following Procedures</a>, a <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons">Writing in English</a> lesson on <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/74/lessons/1991">How to Write a Recipe</a>, or a <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/93/lessons">Holiday &amp; Events</a> lesson on <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/93/lessons/2199">Earth Day</a>. Our <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/90/lessons">Grammar Stories</a> section also has plenty of targets in context.</p>

<ul>
	<li>Have students underline examples of the target that they see in context.</li>
	<li>From there, you can try to elicit the basic form and function of the target.</li>
	<li>Then you can try the rest of the grammar practice tasks.</li>
	<li>Afterward, you can decide to use the grammar notes to review tricky exceptions to a rule, skip the notes entirely, or assign the notes only to students who are struggling with the target.</li>
	<li>As a follow-up, you can have your intermediate to advanced students find other examples online (news articles, blog posts, etc.) that use the target and share them together the next day.</li>
</ul>

<p>We hope you found this first post in our three-part series about teaching grammar online useful!</p>

<p>Here are the next two posts in the series:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assign-grammar-tasks-online">How to Assign Grammar Tasks Online</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assess-grammar-online">How to Assess Grammar Online</a></li>
</ul>


How to Teach Grammar Online

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<h1>Teaching Grammar Online with ESL Library</h1>

<p>Teaching grammar can be a challenge at the best of times, and having to suddenly manage it digitally can be especially difficult. We hope this series of posts on how to teach grammar online will be helpful!&nbsp;Please feel free to leave comments and questions below.</p>

<p>This three-part grammar series will cover:</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/teaching-grammar-online-with-esl-library">How to Teach Grammar Online</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assign-grammar-tasks-online">How to Assign Grammar Tasks Online</a></li>
	<li>How to Assess Grammar Online&nbsp;(this post)</li>
</ul>

<h1>How to Assess Grammar Online</h1>

<p>Our <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a> section has 60 lessons available on our online platform. Choose any grammar lesson that has the digital (computer) icon. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our Standard plan subscribers have <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/teaching-with-digital-resources-during-the-covid-19-pandemic">free access</a> to all our Premium plan digital tasks, so you will be able to use them all with your students.</p>

<p>As a reminder from our previous post, to assign a task for homework, use&nbsp;the Assign Tasks button from a lesson page or from My Classes under the Class Prep dropdown (see our&nbsp;<a href="https://help.ellii.com/category/110-digital-tools">Help Docs</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="https://help.ellii.com/category/119-digital-tools">How-To Videos</a>&nbsp;for help with this).&nbsp;</p>

<p>You will get your students&#39; results in real&nbsp;time for most tasks. For tasks with written (typed) answers, you will be able to score the answers and leave written feedback for your learners.</p>

<p>Keep in mind that you could also assign tasks for your students to complete during an online session. This way&nbsp;they can complete the tasks individually at their own pace (just as they would in class using a paper-based exercise), and you can see the&nbsp;results for all your students while you&#39;re conducting a class using a screensharing platform. After your students complete a task, you could choose to go through it while screensharing to discuss any problems they may have had.</p>

<h1>Quizzes</h1>

<p>More than half of our online <a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a> lessons have a quiz on the grammar target from the lesson. We are diligently adding quizzes to the rest and hope to have them all ready soon.</p>

<p>Quizzes are a great way to assess your students&#39; comprehension of an individual grammar target. If they do well, you can confidently move on to another target. If they don&#39;t do well, you could reassign some (or all) of the tasks from the lesson to the whole class or just to individual students who need extra practice.</p>

<p>Alternatively, you could assign related online materials for that target.&nbsp;To find related materials, see the Related section on each Lesson Show Page. Click on a lesson or resource and look for the computer icon, or use a screensharing platform to display the PDF&nbsp;version to your students.&nbsp;</p>

<h1>Placement &amp; Final Assessment</h1>

<p>We have four grammar tests available online that can be used as intake/placement tests, review, or exit exams. You can assign all tasks from a test or just the parts that you&#39;ve covered. Most tasks provide instant results with a few open-ended answers where you can leave feedback. Find a lot more useful information on these tests <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/introducing-our-new-grammar-tests">in this post</a>. You will find these tests in our <a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/104/resources">Assessment Tools</a> or&nbsp;<a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a> sections (or click on the links below).</p>

<p>To preview the tests, click on a link below and click on the computer (digital) icon. Then click on the task title to preview each task.</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/assessment-tools/resources/2448-grammar-test-1">Grammar Test 1 &ndash; Beginner</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/assessment-tools/resources/2449-grammar-test-2">Grammar Test 2 &ndash; Low-Intermediate</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/assessment-tools/resources/2450-grammar-test-3">Grammar Test 3 &ndash; Intermediate</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/assessment-tools/resources/2451-grammar-test-4">Grammar Test 4 &ndash; High-Intermediate&ndash;Advanced</a></li>
</ul>

<p>We hope you found this final post in our three-part series about teaching grammar online useful!</p>

<p>Here are the first two posts in the series:&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/teaching-grammar-online-with-esl-library">How to Teach Grammar Online</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-assign-grammar-tasks-online">How to Assign Grammar Tasks Online</a></li>
</ul>


How to Assess Grammar Online

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<h1>March Forth on March&nbsp;Fourth!</h1>

<p>March&nbsp;4th is National Grammar Day in the US, so it&rsquo;s a great time to round up the 10 best‑loved grammar posts on ESL&nbsp;Library&rsquo;s&nbsp;blog!</p>

<p>No matter the teaching or learning style, grammar remains essential to good communication. A solid foundation of grammatical knowledge helps learners speak and write&nbsp;effectively.</p>

<p>I happen to love grammar, though I realize I might be in the minority! I&rsquo;ve found that telling my students why grammar is so important, along with <a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/103/resources">clear charts and examples</a> and <a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/105/resources">a variety of practice activities</a>, helps them <em>want</em> to make the effort to improve their grammar. We also have many <a href="https://ellii.com/blog/categories/grammar-usage">free teaching tips and activities on our blog</a> that will help make grammar much more enjoyable to teach and&nbsp;learn!</p>

<p>Here are our top 10 blog posts that have been referred to hundreds of times over the years. Most posts include teaching tips, charts, examples, and practice&nbsp;activities.</p>

<p>Let the countdown&nbsp;begin!</p>

<h1>Top 10 List</h1>

<ol reversed="reversed">
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/an-easy-way-to-teach-conditionals">An Easy Way to Teach&nbsp;Conditionals</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/how-to-use-the-conditional-should">How to Use the Conditional &quot;Should</a>&quot;</li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/there-is-there-are">There Is/There Are + Nouns in a&nbsp;Series</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/embedded-questions">Embedded Questions</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/sentence-stress">Sentence Stress</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/recommend">Recommend, Suggest, Advise: Verbs That Have Multiple Sentence&nbsp;Patterns</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/commonly-confused-prepositions-above-over-below-under">Commonly Confused Prepositions: Above, Over, Below &amp;&nbsp;Under</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/modals-of-possibility-may-might-could">Modals of Possibility: May, Might,&nbsp;Could</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/the-passive-causative">The Passive Causative</a></li>
	<li><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/5-fun-activities-for-irregular-verbs">5 Fun Activities for Irregular&nbsp;Verbs</a></li>
</ol>

<h1>Related</h1>

<ul class="resources">
	<li class="course"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons" target="_blank">Grammar Practice Worksheets</a></li>
	<li class="course"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/90/lessons" target="_blank">Grammar Stories</a></li>
	<li class="course"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/116/lessons" target="_blank">Fun Grammar Lessons</a></li>
	<li class="course"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/89/lessons" target="_blank">Basic Grammar Sentences</a></li>
	<li class="course"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/91/lessons" target="_blank">Simple Sentences</a></li>
	<li class="course"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/123/lessons" target="_blank">Super Simple Grammar</a></li>
	<li class="lesson"><a href="https://ellii.com/courses/88/lessons/2565" target="_blank">Grammar Teaching Order</a> &ndash; Grammar Practice Worksheets</li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://ellii.com/resource_categories/103/resources" target="_blank">Grammar &amp; Usage Resources</a></li>
	<li class="blog-post"><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/introducing-our-new-grammar-tests" target="_blank">Grammar Placement/Assessment Tests</a></li>
	<li class="blog-post"><a href="https://ellii.com/blog/categories/grammar-usage" target="_blank">Grammar &amp; Usage Blog Posts</a></li>
</ul>

<p>Which grammar targets do your students struggle with the most? Which targets do you find tricky to teach? We&rsquo;d love to hear from you in the comment section&nbsp;below!</p>


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<p>Unlike many languages that have a one-to-one sound/spelling correspondence, English pronunciation is notoriously difficult. There aren&rsquo;t a lot of pronunciation rules for language learners to follow, and often it&rsquo;s just a matter of hearing a word and memorizing how it&nbsp;sounds.</p>

<p>Sometimes, however, students can catch a break with certain letters or sounds that actually follow a set of pronunciation rules. Such is the case with the letters G and&nbsp;C!</p>

<p>From <em>great</em> to <em>gym</em> to <em>cake</em> to <em>city</em>, the letters G and C can be pronounced as a &ldquo;hard&rdquo; or &ldquo;soft&rdquo; sound. It often depends on the position of the letter in a word and on the letter that follows&nbsp;it.</p>

<h1>Pronunciation Rules for G &amp;&nbsp;C</h1>

<h2>Rule #1</h2>

<p>When G or C is followed by E, I, or Y, the sound is&nbsp;<strong>soft</strong>.<br class="none md-inline" />
Examples:</p>

<ul>
	<li>gender</li>
	<li>gym</li>
	<li>cell</li>
	<li>cinnamon</li>
</ul>

<h2>Rule #2</h2>

<p>When G or C is followed by A, O, or U, the sound is&nbsp;<strong>hard</strong>.<br class="none md-inline" />
Examples:</p>

<ul>
	<li>gate</li>
	<li>go</li>
	<li>cat</li>
	<li>cupboard</li>
</ul>

<h2>Rule #3</h2>

<p>When G or C is followed by a consonant, the sound is&nbsp;<strong>hard</strong>.<br class="none md-inline" />
Examples:</p>

<ul>
	<li>glass</li>
	<li>program</li>
	<li>fact</li>
	<li>clock</li>
</ul>

<h2>Rule #4</h2>

<p>When G or C is doubled, the sound is&nbsp;<strong>hard</strong>.<br class="none md-inline" />
Examples:</p>

<ul>
	<li>egg</li>
	<li>foggy</li>
	<li>occur</li>
	<li>broccoli</li>
</ul>

<h2>Rule #5</h2>

<p>When a word ends in G or C (or CK), the sound is&nbsp;<strong>hard</strong>.<br class="none md-inline" />
Examples:</p>

<ul>
	<li>bag</li>
	<li>pig</li>
	<li>magic</li>
	<li>sick</li>
</ul>

<h2>Rule #6</h2>

<p>When a word ends in G or C + E, the sound is&nbsp;<strong>soft</strong>.<br class="none md-inline" />
Examples:</p>

<ul>
	<li>age</li>
	<li>ridge</li>
	<li>fence</li>
	<li>office</li>
</ul>

<h1>Exceptions</h1>

<h2>Exception #1</h2>

<p>Some common words do not follow the rules for hard and soft&nbsp;G, such as <em>begin</em>, <em>get</em>, and&nbsp;<em>give</em>.</p>

<h2>Exception #2</h2>

<p>Some words with a double C have a hard sound followed by a soft sound, such as <em>accent</em>, <em>acceptable</em>, and&nbsp;<em>vaccine</em>.</p>

<h2>Exception #3</h2>

<p>When G is followed by H, it is sometimes pronounced as <span class="inlineBlock">/f/,</span> such as <em>cough</em>, <em>laugh</em>, and <em>enough</em>. Other times it is&nbsp;silent, such as <em>high</em>, <em>though</em>, and&nbsp;<em>bought</em>.</p>

<h2>Exception #4</h2>

<p>When C is followed by H, it is pronounced as <span class="inlineBlock">/tʃ/,</span> such as&nbsp;<em>cheese</em>, <em>watch</em>, and&nbsp;<em>church</em>.</p>

<h2>Exception #5</h2>

<p>When a word ends in N + G, it is pronounced <span class="inlineBlock">/ŋ/,</span> such as <em>sing</em>, <em>bring</em>, and&nbsp;<em>running</em>.</p>

<h1>Related</h1>

<ul class="resources">
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://www.ellii.com/resource_categories/103/resources/3170">Pronunciation Rules: Hard &amp; Soft&nbsp;G</a></li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://www.ellii.com/resource_categories/103/resources/3173">Pronunciation Rules: Hard &amp; Soft&nbsp;C</a></li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://www.ellii.com/resource_categories/103/resources/3137">Hard &amp; Soft G Word&nbsp;Cards</a></li>
	<li class="resource"><a href="https://www.ellii.com/resource_categories/103/resources/3180">Hard &amp; Soft C Word&nbsp;Cards</a></li>
	<li class="lesson"><a href="https://www.ellii.com/courses/118/lessons/3171">/g/</a></li>
	<li class="lesson"><a href="https://www.ellii.com/courses/118/lessons/2944">/s/</a></li>
</ul>


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Tanya Trusler